Water hammer is a common plumbing problem characterized by loud banging or thumping noises in water pipes. It occurs when there is a sudden change in water flow, causing a shockwave through the pipes. Here are some common causes of water hammer and ways to fix or prevent it:
### Causes of Water Hammer:
1. **Quick Closing Valves**: When a valve, like a faucet or a washing machine valve, shuts off suddenly, it can create a pressure surge in the pipes.
2. **High Water Pressure**: Excessive water pressure in the plumbing system can increase the likelihood of water hammer.
3. **Loose Pipes**: Pipes that are not properly secured or anchored can move when water flow changes, leading to banging noises.
4. **Water Flow Velocity**: Fast-moving water through pipes can cause turbulence and pressure fluctuations, contributing to water hammer.
5. **Air Chambers or Cushioning Devices Issues**: Over time, air chambers or cushioning devices (such as water hammer arrestors) may fill with water or become ineffective, reducing their ability to absorb the pressure surge.
### How to Fix Water Hammer:
1. **Adjust Water Pressure**: Check your home’s water pressure using a pressure gauge attached to a hose bib or laundry faucet. If it’s too high (generally above 80 psi), install a pressure regulator on the main water line to reduce it to a safe level (typically 50-60 psi).
2. **Install Water Hammer Arrestors**: These devices are designed to absorb the shock caused by water hammer. They consist of a sealed air chamber that compresses when the water flow is suddenly halted, preventing the shockwave from reaching the pipes. They can be installed near quick-closing valves or appliances.
3. **Secure Loose Pipes**: Ensure that all pipes are properly strapped and secured to framing members. This prevents them from moving excessively and reduces the likelihood of water hammer.
4. **Install Expansion Tanks**: In systems with a check valve or pressure regulator that can cause water pressure spikes, installing an expansion tank can absorb the excess pressure and reduce water hammer.
5. **Install Pressure Reducing Valves**: If your water pressure is consistently high and causes water hammer, consider installing pressure reducing valves at critical points in your plumbing system.
6. **Consider Slow-Closing Valves**: Replace quick-closing valves with slow-closing ones where possible. These valves reduce the sudden stoppage of water flow and can help mitigate water hammer.
7. **Drain and Flush System**: Occasionally draining and flushing your plumbing system can help remove debris and sediment that may contribute to water hammer.
### Professional Help:
If you’re unsure about how to fix water hammer or if the problem persists after trying these solutions, it’s advisable to consult a licensed plumber. They can assess your plumbing system, identify the exact cause of water hammer, and recommend appropriate solutions tailored to your home’s plumbing setup.